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Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria

Received: 23 November 2019     Accepted: 22 July 2020     Published: 18 August 2020
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Abstract

Background: Hypoglycaemia is the most common acute complication of Diabetes Mellitus and often treatment-limiting, serious adverse effect of intensive diabetes therapy. Although it is preventable, hypoglycaemic episodes, especially if severe or recurrent may result in significant psychosocial dysfunction and lower quality of life. Aim: To determine the prevalence, frequency and timing of diabetes-related hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving patients attending the diabetes clinic and selected using systematic random sampling. An interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics as well as experience of hypoglycaemia in the past 12months and severity graded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, IBM SPSS Statistics, New York, USA Result: A total of 216 patients were recruited for the study. Eighty nine patients (41.2%) reported experiencing hypoglycaemia, out of which 46 (51.7%) occurred in the morning before breakfast and 16 (18.0%) experienced severe Hypoglycaemia. Skipped meal (58.4%) and overdose of GLA (31.5%) were the most common recognized causes of hypoglycaemia. Level 1 hypoglycaemia was the commonest grade of hypoglycaemia, while males and those on insulin alone had higher odds of having hypoglycaemia (P=0.059). Conclusion: The reported prevalence of hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus within the last one year prior to the study was rather high which shows that hypoglycaemia is a common experience amongst type 2 diabetic undergoing management. Continuous patient education on the risks, causes, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycaemia as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for every person with diabetes at every health visits.

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 5, Issue 3)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypoglycemia in Diabetes

DOI 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11
Page(s) 34-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypoglycaemia, Prevalence, Severity, Glucose Lowering Agent

References
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[4] Mbanya JC, Motala AA, Sobngwi E, et al. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2010; 375: 2254–2266.
[5] Ogbera AO, Ekpebegh C. Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: the past, present and future. World J Diabetes. 2014; 5: 905–911.
[6] Andrew E. Uloko, Baba M. Musa, Mansur A. Ramalan, Ibrahim D. Gezawa, Fabian H. Puepet, Ayekame T. Uloko et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2018 Jun; 9 (3): 1307–1316.
[7] Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998; 352: 837-853.
[8] The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 977-86.
[9] American Diabetes Association Workgroup On Hypoglycemia. Defining and Reporting Hypoglycemia in Diabetes: A report from the American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia. DIABETES CARE. 2005; 5: 1245-1249.
[10] Adeloye D, Ige JO, Aderemi AV, Ngozi A, Emmanuel OA, Asa A, Gbolahan O. Estimating the prevalence, hospitalisation and mortality from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017; 7: 015424. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2016-015424.
[11] American Diabetes Association. “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42: S1-S2.
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[15] Tschöpe D, Bramlage P, Binz C, Krekler M, Deeg E, Gitt AK. Incidence and predictors of hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes – An analysis of the prospective DiaRegis registry. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012; 12: 23-30.
[16] Vanishree Shriraam, Shriraam Mahadevan, M. Anitharani, Nalini Sirala Jagadeesh, Sreelekha Bhaskara Kurup, T. A. Vidya, and Krishna G. Seshadri. Reported hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Prevalence and practices-a hospital-based study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jan-Feb; 21 (1): 148–153.
[17] Donna T. Detection, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypoglycemia in the Hospital Diabetes Spectrum. 2005; 18: (1) 39-44.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ohenhen Oluwatoyin Abisoye, Uwameiye Oseribhor. (2020). Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 5(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11

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    ACS Style

    Ohenhen Oluwatoyin Abisoye; Uwameiye Oseribhor. Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020, 5(3), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11

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    AMA Style

    Ohenhen Oluwatoyin Abisoye, Uwameiye Oseribhor. Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;5(3):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11,
      author = {Ohenhen Oluwatoyin Abisoye and Uwameiye Oseribhor},
      title = {Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {34-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20200503.11},
      abstract = {Background: Hypoglycaemia is the most common acute complication of Diabetes Mellitus and often treatment-limiting, serious adverse effect of intensive diabetes therapy. Although it is preventable, hypoglycaemic episodes, especially if severe or recurrent may result in significant psychosocial dysfunction and lower quality of life. Aim: To determine the prevalence, frequency and timing of diabetes-related hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving patients attending the diabetes clinic and selected using systematic random sampling. An interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics as well as experience of hypoglycaemia in the past 12months and severity graded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, IBM SPSS Statistics, New York, USA Result: A total of 216 patients were recruited for the study. Eighty nine patients (41.2%) reported experiencing hypoglycaemia, out of which 46 (51.7%) occurred in the morning before breakfast and 16 (18.0%) experienced severe Hypoglycaemia. Skipped meal (58.4%) and overdose of GLA (31.5%) were the most common recognized causes of hypoglycaemia. Level 1 hypoglycaemia was the commonest grade of hypoglycaemia, while males and those on insulin alone had higher odds of having hypoglycaemia (P=0.059). Conclusion: The reported prevalence of hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus within the last one year prior to the study was rather high which shows that hypoglycaemia is a common experience amongst type 2 diabetic undergoing management. Continuous patient education on the risks, causes, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycaemia as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for every person with diabetes at every health visits.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence and Presentation of Diabetes-Related Hypoglycemia Amongst Persons with Diabetes in a Tertiary Health Instition in Nigeria
    AU  - Ohenhen Oluwatoyin Abisoye
    AU  - Uwameiye Oseribhor
    Y1  - 2020/08/18
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11
    T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    SP  - 34
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1371
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.11
    AB  - Background: Hypoglycaemia is the most common acute complication of Diabetes Mellitus and often treatment-limiting, serious adverse effect of intensive diabetes therapy. Although it is preventable, hypoglycaemic episodes, especially if severe or recurrent may result in significant psychosocial dysfunction and lower quality of life. Aim: To determine the prevalence, frequency and timing of diabetes-related hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving patients attending the diabetes clinic and selected using systematic random sampling. An interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics as well as experience of hypoglycaemia in the past 12months and severity graded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, IBM SPSS Statistics, New York, USA Result: A total of 216 patients were recruited for the study. Eighty nine patients (41.2%) reported experiencing hypoglycaemia, out of which 46 (51.7%) occurred in the morning before breakfast and 16 (18.0%) experienced severe Hypoglycaemia. Skipped meal (58.4%) and overdose of GLA (31.5%) were the most common recognized causes of hypoglycaemia. Level 1 hypoglycaemia was the commonest grade of hypoglycaemia, while males and those on insulin alone had higher odds of having hypoglycaemia (P=0.059). Conclusion: The reported prevalence of hypoglycaemia amongst persons with diabetes mellitus within the last one year prior to the study was rather high which shows that hypoglycaemia is a common experience amongst type 2 diabetic undergoing management. Continuous patient education on the risks, causes, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycaemia as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for every person with diabetes at every health visits.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

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