Review Article
Application of Polysaccharide Hydrogel Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Diabetic Wound Repair Research Progress
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
78-84
Received:
18 September 2025
Accepted:
29 September 2025
Published:
29 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijde.20251004.11
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Abstract: The impaired healing of diabetic wounds is a key factor leading to foot ulcers, wound gangrene, and even amputations in patients. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes offer a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound repair; however, exosomes are easily cleared by the immune system in vivo and have a short retention time in tissues, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels are ideal delivery carriers for exosomes. This article analyzes the causes of difficult diabetic wound healing, provides a brief overview of the applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and polysaccharide-based hydrogels in diabetic wound healing, and discusses the role of polysaccharide-based hydrogels loaded with exosomes in promoting diabetic wound healing. This work aims to provide a reference for the application of exosome-loaded polysaccharide-based hydrogels in diabetic wound repair.
Abstract: The impaired healing of diabetic wounds is a key factor leading to foot ulcers, wound gangrene, and even amputations in patients. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes offer a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound repair; however, exosomes are easily cleared by the immune system in vivo and have a short retention time in tissues, resulting in subo...
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Review Article
Healthcare Economics and Policy in Diabetic Foot Care
Anand Shankar*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
85-97
Received:
12 September 2025
Accepted:
25 September 2025
Published:
31 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijde.20251004.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Diabetic foot ailment is a severe and multifaceted complication of diabetes mellitus that imposes significant scientific, economic, and societal burdens worldwide. Its high prevalence, coupled with complications such as ulcers, infections, and amputations, contributes substantially to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Aim: This chapter aims to examine diabetic foot care through the perspectives of health-care economics and policy, highlighting the global burden, associated costs, and strategies to improve outcomes. Methods: The chapter reviews epidemiological data on diabetic foot disease, analyses the economic burden including direct medical expenses, productivity losses, and psychosocial impacts and critically appraises health-economic evaluations such as cost-effectiveness and cost-utility studies. Policy analysis is conducted to explore international and national strategies, regulatory frameworks, and reimbursement mechanisms. Care models, including multidisciplinary teams, community-based programmes, telemedicine, and integrated care pathways, are also assessed. Results: Findings reveal considerable regional variation in disease burden, risk factors, and economic costs. Evidence supports the value of preventive measures, multidisciplinary clinics, and advanced wound-care technologies in improving health outcomes and cost efficiency. However, persistent gaps remain, including inequitable access to care, underfunding, workforce shortages, and socioeconomic disparities. Conclusions: A comprehensive, integrated approach is essential to effectively address diabetic foot disease. Strengthening preventive efforts, adopting innovative technologies, ensuring universal health coverage, and implementing data-driven policies can reduce the global burden, improve patient outcomes, and achieve cost-efficient, equitable care.
Abstract: Background: Diabetic foot ailment is a severe and multifaceted complication of diabetes mellitus that imposes significant scientific, economic, and societal burdens worldwide. Its high prevalence, coupled with complications such as ulcers, infections, and amputations, contributes substantially to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. A...
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